| In 1181,
Pietro Bernadone returned from a trip to France to find out his wife
Pica had given birth to a son. |
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Far from being excited or apologetic because
he'd been gone, Pietro was furious because she'd had his new son baptized Giovanni after
John the Baptist. The last thing Pietro wanted in his son was a man of God !
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He wanted a man of business, a cloth merchant like he was, and
he especially wanted a son who would reflect his infatuation with
France. So he renamed his son Francesco, which is the equivalent of
calling him Frenchman.
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Francis enjoyed a very rich easy life and he became
the leader of a crowd of young people who spent their nights in wild parties. |
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Francis
wanted to be a noble, a knight. Battle was the best place to win the glory and prestige he
longed for. He got his first chance when Assisi declared war on Perugia. |
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Francis was taken prisoner, chained in a
dark dungeon and ransomed after a year: he was taken seriously ill.
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Finally he recovered from his illness and a
call for knights gave him another chance, but Francis never got farther than Spoleto.
There, he had a dream in which God told him to return home. |

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Francis' conversion did not happen over night. He started to spend
more time in prayer. One day, Francis came face to face with a leper. He jumped down
from his horse and kissed the hand of the leper. |
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His search for conversion led
him to the ancient church at San Damiano. While he was praying there, he heard Christ on
the crucifix speak to him:"Francis, repair my church." |
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Francis took fabric from his father's shop and sold it to
get money to repair that church. Pietro dragged him before the bishop, at San Rufino's
church (just
beside Clare's home), and demanded that Francis return the money and renounce all rights
as his heir. |
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The bishop was very kind to Francis; he told him to return the money
and said God would provide. That was all Francis needed to hear. |
He not only gave back the money but stripped off all his clothes before the crowd that had gathered in front of the church,
and said, "Pietro Bernadone is no longer my father. From now on I can say with
complete freedom, 'Our Father who art in heaven.'" |
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He begged for
stones and rebuilt the San Damiano church with his own
hands, then he repaired the little
Porziuncola, which
became his dearest church. |
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He always loved very much the silence of the "Eremo delle
Carceri", on Mount Subasio. |
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Slowly
companions came to Francis: Bernard of Quintavalle,Peter
of Cattaneo, Giles, Philip "the Long" and other
people who wanted to follow his example. |

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The
friars' first home was the "Hut of Rivotorto", in the
countryside near Assisi.
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A
famous story involves a wolf that had been eating human beings in
Gubbio. Francis talked the wolf into never killing again. The wolf
became a pet of the town and he always had plenty to eat.
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Between 1209 and 1210, Francis wrote down a brief Rule, then he went
with his companions to Rome to see Pope Innocent III, because
he wanted his approval. The Pope
had a dream that this tiny man in rags held up the tilting Lateran basilica, so
he orally approved the Rule and life of the Order of Friars Minor.
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In 1211 Clare of Assisi
left her
noble and rich family to follow Francis' example. |

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Her sister Agnese, her mother Ortolana and
many other women joined her: the 2nd Franciscan Order was born in San Damiano. |
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A
Franciscan, contemplative, enclosed order, also known as the
"Poor Ladies". The nuns were named "Poor
Clares" after Clare's death. |

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The "Eremo Le Celle" of
Cortona, in
region Tuscany, was founded by Francis in 1211, and it was the first
Convent founded by him,
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Later, he spent some days
in this "Eremo" after
having received the "stigmata". |
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It's possible to visit his cell and his
companions' oratory. In 1213, the Count
Orlando di Chiusi donated the Mount "La Verna" (in region Tuscany) to
Francis. |
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Francis decided to go to
Syria to convert the Moslems while the Fifth Crusade was being fought. In the middle of a
battle, he and his companion were captured and taken to the sultan, who was charmed
by Francis and his preaching. He told Francis, "I would convert to your religion
which is a beautiful one... but both of us would be murdered." In 1220 he
returned to Assisi. In Fontecolombo, near Rieti, he wrote a new Rule, and Pope
Onorius III gave his approval. |
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Christmas was the favourite feast of Francis and, in 1223, he conceived the idea of
celebrating the Nativity by reproducing in a church at Greccio,
near Rieti the praesepio of Bethlehem: he has thus inaugurated the popular devotion of the
Crib. |
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In 1224, on the Mount "La Verna" he received the stigmata, the marks of the nails and the lance wound
that Christ suffered, in his own body. |
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Years of poverty and wandering had made Francis ill. He began to go
blind,
and spent some time in San Damiano. |
That was when he wrote his beautiful Canticle of the
Sun that
expresses his brotherhood with creation in praising God. |
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Francis never recovered from this
illness. On the
evening of 3rd October, 1226, he died near the Porziuncola. |
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The procession which accompanied his remains
from the Porziuncola to the town stopped on the way at San Damiano in order that Clare and
her daughters might venerate the sacred stigmata now visible to all. The saint
had, in
his humility, expressed a wish to be buried on the Colle d'Inferno, a despised hill where
criminals were executed. His body was placed provisionally in the church of
St.
George (now within the enclosure of the monastery of St. Clare). Many miracles are
recorded to have taken place at his tomb. |
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Francis was canonized at
St. George's by Gregory IX, 16th July, 1228. His
liturgical commemoration is on 4th October. |
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Gregory IX laid the first stone of the great double church of
St.
Francis and on 25th May, 1230, Francis's
remains were secretly transferred by Brother Elias and buried far down under the
high altar in the lower church. Here, after lying hidden for six centuries, Francis's
coffin was found, 12th December, 1818, as a result of a toilsome search lasting fifty-two
nights.
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His habit
is in
a shrine in the lower church.
The crypt was built in 1824 and totally renovated in 1932. |
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The saint's remains are above the
altar in the stone box with
the iron ties. Four of his early companions are buried in the corners of the room:
Leo, Angelo,
Masseo, Rufinus.
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Opposite the altar, between the two flights of stairs, notice the remains of
Francis' great friend Jacopa de' Settesoli, in an urn behind
a black metal grill. |
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On 17th
January 1978, Paul VI authorized a delicate work
of disinfection and preservation of Francis' body, to prevent any destructive process from
damaging his bones. The urn was closed on 4th March of the same year and
protected by a modern safety system.
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