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[
by George Ferguson s.f.o. ]
John was born in the Scottish Border town of
Duns, Berwickshire, about the year 1265. This makes him a contemporary of both Wallace (1270
-1305) and Robert the Bruce, later King Robert I (1272-1329). He probably went to school
in Haddington, East Lothian - which is still a town of pilgrimage - where the Franciscans
had a Friary. There has been speculation recently that he was educated at Trinity College
on North Uist in the Western Isles. |
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This statue was given to the
people of Duns by the German Franciscans in Cologne
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Although
this appears to be a great distance from the area of his birth the idea merits some
further investigation.
He then moved on to Dumfries where his Uncle Elias was Guardian and Vicar General of the
newly formed Conventual Province of Scotland. It was there at Dumfries that the young John
was received into the Franciscan Conventual Order about the year 1281.
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He was ordained to the priesthood on 17th
March, 1291 by Oliver Sutton, Bishop of Lincoln, at Northampton, England and continued his
studies at Oxford. He later lectured in Oxford, Cambridge and was sent to Paris where he
eventually became Master of Theology in 1305. He was always on the move, going back and
forth between Paris and Oxford. |
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The
then King, Philip the Fair, was in dispute with Pope Boniface VIII. The French king
imposed taxes on church property without informing the Pope. The monarch, whilst at
variance with the Holy See, sought approval from the clergy in France. It might have been
the Celt in him - and their dislike of landlords seeking rent increases - but John could
not side with King Philip and he, along with other dissenters were given three days to
leave France. Scotus was to return to take up his post again at the University of Paris. |
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It was in the
beginning of 1308 that Scotus was to leave Paris again, this time for
Germany, not for
political reasons but possibly for his doctrinal teaching on the Immaculate Conception
which he defended against leading theologians in Paris. Anyway, through holy obedience and
on recommendation by a superior of the Order, John ended up lecturing in Cologne in the
Franciscan house of studies and died there in 1308 at the age of 43.
Although an obvious scholar he won great admiration from his fellow friars, and from the
people he served, for his fervent devotion to his chosen way of life. He was known to
preach in bare feet and had great love for the poor. |
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This is the main door of the
Church at the National Seminary of Scotland "Scotus College", Glasgow
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Scotus defended the
doctrine of the Immaculate Conception at Cologne and Paris, and a disputation which he
held in Paris persuaded that University to adopt that doctrine, and won for John Duns
Scotus the title of the "Subtle Doctor". Events which happened in 1387, nearly
80 years after his death, show how rapidly the Scotist opinion had spread and how deeply
it had taken root, at least in France. |
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A Dominican
doctor, John Montesono, had publicly denied the Immaculate Conception, whereupon he was
condemned by the University and by the Bishop of Paris. Blessed Johns opinion on the
Immaculate Conception finally prevailed, but it was not declared to be Catholic dogma
until 1854 (by Pope Pius IX). Until then it had caused great controversy for five
centuries, particularly between Franciscan and Dominican
theologians. Scotuss
differences from St. Thomas Aquinas served the useful purpose of maintaining intellectual
life and debate in the Church. |
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Bld. John Duns Scotus, by
Raphael (fresco c.1590) from the Disputa, Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican Palace |
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Blessed
John Duns Scotus is also known for being the theologian of the love of God. "God
wills to love. God wills to be loved. God wills to have co-lovers of himself." - Opus
Parisiense. His teaching and all his studies flow from the beautiful but simple
message of St. Johns first letter "God is love. He who lives in love, lives in
God and God in him." (1 John 4:16). To Scotus God "loves himself" in his
creation and seeks love from "every human being who is able to love him." We can
choose not to love God, not to co-operate, this happens when we sin but God is always
there willing to love us. John Duns Scotus also taught that the Incarnation would have
occurred, that Christ wouldve become man, even if there had been no fall
and Man had not sinned. God loved his creation so
much.
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At the end of his tomb is a saying "Schottland
hat mich geboren, England hat mich aufgenommen, Gallien hat mich gelehrt, Koln
besitzt mich."
Roughly translated (by me) is "Scotland gave me birth, England adopted me, France was
my place of study and Cologne possesses me." I was fortunate enough to visit Cologne
last June and made a pilgrimage to his shrine in the Franciscan Church. Despite the
building being in the middle of a very busy German City there was a sense of peace and
calm pervading the chapel. |
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This is the Minoriten Kirche -
The Franciscan Church - in Cologne where Bld. John Duns Scotus is buried |